The advance of eco-friendly strategies for the development of nanoparticles, specifically zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), is crucial to the discipline of nanotechnology due to their various properties and applications in industrial, biomedical, and toxicity sectors. Green synthesis methods using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae have been adopted for ZnO NP synthesis, which are safer and more environmentally friendly compared to physical and chemical means. The paper reviews the evidence of ZnO NP role in various applications and its biomedical uses, including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. Additionally, ZnO NPs can act as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and a substitute for antibiotics in toxicity properties. This article was authored by V N Kalpana ,and V Devi Rajeswari.